While some cultures used equinoxes and solstices as their main calendar markers, some used helical rises of stars. It seems that all cultures knew about both, its just that one particular marker was used more than others were. For example, the Greek and Roman cultures used the spring equinox as the start of their new year, while the New Zealand Māori used the helical rise of the Pleiades, known to them as Matariki.
(from The Shifting Stars - Astronomy In Your Hands website.)
The Shifting Stars
While some cultures used equinoxes and solstices as their main calendar markers, some used helical rises of stars. It seems that all cultures knew about both, its just that one particular marker was used more than others were. For example, the Greek and Roman cultures used the spring equinox as the start of their new year, while the New Zealand Māori used the helical rise of the Pleiades, known to them as Matariki.
(from The Shifting Stars - Astronomy In Your Hands website.)